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one anecdotal case comment.

in Brexit, the polls suggested toss up with very slight advantage to remain.

but in the referendum day I recall some betting markets giving remain like 85%. huge delusionary miss it felt then

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Yes, that seems true in retrospect. I think the bettors had a general rule that "crazy"-seeming populist things wouldn't win. After Brexit and Trump, I think they dropped that and started taking populist wins seriously.

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Maxim, have you ever spent time thinking about the popular vote?

I have an agreement with my wife to not put serious money into political betting. I think betting on the winner of this election is foolish, but I have to think betting for a Kamala PV win is practically free money that I wish I could grab, and the odds are revealing some deeply irrational behavior. At one point, Polymarket's PV market was peaking above 40% Trump: >60% probability of Trump winning PV conditional on him winning EV. Crazy, and far crazier than giving him 60%+ odds of winning the EV -- we should all know in our guts that if Trump wins, the most likely path is one that looks a lot like 2016, though probably with a slimmer EV margin as there's a good chance in that scenario he only wins part of the Blue Wall. We all know what the man's coalition looks like and that it's a minority coalition with a hard ceiling of support.

My suspicion is that if Trump can win the PV for the 49 states ex-CA, as he did in 2016, he's a strong favorite to win the election, and if not, he loses. But winning the 50-state PV is almost entirely off the table at this point; he maybe had a decent chance against Biden but still under 50%.

This is another point that Nate Silver indicates too-low confidence on though. I haven't seen him give PV probabilities for a while, but I believe they've been too high for Trump when he's stated them, even if they're lower than the betting markets.

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